Mathematical Analysis Method Research Articles

Development of the composіtіon and technology of the herbal mixture with the cerebroprotectіve actіon

Aіm. To determine the prospects for using the plant raw material for the creation of herbal medicines with the cerebroprotective effect, as well as to develop the composition and technology of a new medicine of natural origin. Materіals and methods. The study objects were black horehound (Ballota nigra L.) herb, white dead nettle (Lamium album L.) herb, and Austrian wormwood (Artemisia austriaca) herb. Experimental studies were conducted using modern physical, physicochemical, pharmacotechnological, and mathematical methods of analysis. Results and dіscussіon. Based on the analysis of scientific sources on the situation with cerebrovascular diseases (CVD) and the range of drugs for their treatment, it has been proven that to improve the quality of therapy, it is rational to conduct a complex pharmacotherapy with the use of herbal medicines. We have proposed a new drug with the cerebroprotective action based on the plant raw material. The medicinal product was obtained in the form of the herbal mixture, which included black horehound herb, white dead nettle herb, and Austrian wormwood herb. The rational technology of the drug has been theoretically and experimentally substantiated. A block diagram of the herbal mixture has been developed, and the critical parameters of its production have been determined. The pharmacotechnological studies of the plant raw material and the drug obtained have been conducted. Conclusіons. Based on the results of the work conducted, the data scientific sources on the spread of CVD have been analyzed and summarized; the expediency of using the plant raw material in medicines for a complex pharmacotherapy of CVD has been proven; the composition and technology of the drug from black horehound herb, white dead nettle herb, and Austrian wormwood herb in the form of the herbal mixture with the cerebroprotective action for internal use have been developed.

Профилактика вандального поведения обучающихся в образовательной среде

Introduction. Within the research, the concepts of “vandalism” and “vandal behavior” were considered, and the psychological characteristics of personality determining vandal actions among adolescents were identified. The authors emphasise the destructive consequences of these actions, but their motives and content may differ significantly. Special attention is paid to the problems of the spread of vandal behaviour in the youth environment (the environment of students). The results of theoretical analysis show that in modern practice there is a shortage of vandalism prevention programmes, which is considered as the issue of the research. Methods. The research involved 354 schoolchildren from 8 federal subjects of the Russian Federation. The empirical data were collected remotely, using four standardised diagnostic techniques. The obtained data were processed using the methods of mathematical and statistical data analysis (frequency analysis, descriptive statistics, comparative analysis, regression analysis). Results. The findings revealed that acts of school vandalism indicate not only shortcomings of the educational environment itself, but can also be a signal of a number of psychological problems among particular students. Thus, preventive work in educational organisations should include prevention of vandalism and take into account typical mechanisms that influence such behaviour among adolescents, such as aggressive behavioural strategies and lack of personal goals in life. Based on the empirical data obtained, the authors identified the main directions of vandalism prevention in the educational environment, clarified and substantiated specific forms of preventive work.

The Relationship Between GRACE Gravity and the Seismic b-value: A Case Study of the Northern Chile Triple Junction (25°S-40°S)

Summary The northern Chile Triple Junction (CTJ) is characterized by the ongoing subduction of the Nazca plate beneath the South American plate. The geological structures within the subduction zone undergo complex changes, resulting in significant tectonic activities and intense seismicity along the western margin of South America. Based on the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) data and earthquake catalogues, this study selects the northern CTJ area (25°S-40°S, 75°W-65°W) as the research object, adopts the mathematical methods of Independent Component Analysis (ICA) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to separate the earthquake-related signals within the GRACE data, and fits the changes of seismic b-values through the frequency-magnitude relationship. The characteristics of gravity changes before and after seismic events, the seismic activity parameter b-values, and the relationship between the gravity signals and b-values are discussed. The results show that mathematical methods can effectively extract seismic-related gravity components from the GRACE data. ICA, compared to PCA, provides better results in capturing the temporal variations associated with b-value time series, which exhibit good consistency in long-term trend changes. The average change of b-values in the study area is 0.66 ± 0.003, fluctuating over time. Generally, prior to larger seismic events, b-values tend to decrease. Along the western margin of South America, b-values are low; this aligns with the active tectonic activities between subducting plates. Additionally, a certain correlation between b-values and gravity changes is observed, but due to the influence of tectonic activities, the correspondence between b-values and gravity anomalies may not be consistent across different areas. The b-value is highly consistent with the strain rate model. Low b-values correspond to high strain rates along the western edge of South America, which is in line with the tectonic characteristics of frequent seismic activity in this area. A gradual concentration of gravity anomalies before major earthquakes is observed, accompanied by the gradual accumulation of smaller seismic events. Meanwhile, several months before the two major earthquakes, the spatial distribution of gravity appears to be similar to the co-seismic signals, but the nature of its generation remains to be explored. These methods and results not only add to the applications of GRACE in seismic studies but also raise questions for further exploration.

Cross‐network service recommendation in smart cities

SummaryNowadays, Internet of Things, artificial intelligence, cloud computing, and other revolutionary technologies (e.g., edge and fog computing) have become the pillar of smart cities. These latter make users' lives easier, thanks to a wide variety of smart services offered in different dimensions (e.g., smart living, smart mobility, smart economy, smart governance). However, the rapid adoption of smart services by users and the full servicelization of several cities around the world is faced with two major issues: the lack of knowledge regarding smart services' capacities (e.g., features, contextual requirements, pricing models, privacy policies, provisioning terms, etc.), and the lack of unified rating and quantification of smart services' QoS behavior. Indeed, interested users often exploit traditional search tools (e.g., Web search engines, social networks) to find and rate the needed services. This behavior has scattered the smart services' usage data (e.g., users contexts, ratings) across multiple providers platforms, which makes the search task beyond the capacity of users and, even, other service providers. Although recommender systems are a natural solution to exempt users from exploring the huge space of the offered smart services, current recommendation approaches for smart city environments are unable to deliver correct recommendations. In fact, they have been initially designed to single‐network settings (a single service repository), while smart services' consumers often are involved in multiple provider platforms. To the best of our knowledge, there exists no approach that treated smart service recommendation across multiple information networks. Therefore, the goal of this paper is to propose a cross‐network recommender system for smart cities. We first model the multiplex network of smart services' providers as a multirelational fuzzy lattice family thanks to fuzzy relational concept analysis (fuzzy RCA), which is a powerful mathematical method for data analysis and clustering. We also use the concept of anchor users to connect providers networks via the users involved in more than one provider platform. Guided by anchors' cross‐network relations, we compute the similarity between users and we define algorithms for exploring the smart services' information network, i.e. lattice family. Extensive experiments have proved the effectiveness of cross‐network recommendation and the quality of produced recommendations, compared to state‐of‐the‐art single‐network recommendation.

A mathematical method for the vibration analysis of composite lattice plates under In-plane compressive loads

Composite lattice structures are widely applied in launch vehicles due to their advantages of lightweight and high strength. When they are applied to propulsion systems, compression loads and vibrations must be considered. This study presents a mathematical approach for conducting vibration analysis of composite lattice plates under compressive loads in propulsion systems. This approach relies on a continuous model and the Ritz method and was derived to involve vibrations in a propulsion environment. The proposed method was verified by 3D finite element analysis, and parametric analysis was carried out to explore the impacts of compressive loads on the vibration characteristics. The results provide some general guidelines for the design of composite lattice structures for propulsion systems.

METHODS FOR THE PRESERVATION AND RESTORATION OF DUNHUANG WALL PAINTINGS: FOREIGN EXPERIENCE

This article examines the genesis of planning solutions and ceiling designs of Dunhuang cave shrines. Based on the methods of defining features, graphic-and-analytical and system-and-structural analysis, the spread of types of plans and ceilings from dynasty to dynasty has been traced. Using auxiliary methods of historical, mathematical, and comparative analysis, a general picture of the development of the planning structure and constructive schemes of Dunhuang shrines from the Northern Lian period to the Yuan period has been created. By counting the types of plans and ceilings in each period, a group of the most common types of plans was determined: with a combination of larger and smaller rectangles (where the smaller is the altar part of a square or rectangular shape), a plan in the form of a square with a protruding trapezoidal altar, an altar in outline close to a rectangle or trapezoids with rounded corners, a horizontally elongated plan rectangle, based on squares with protrusions. The most common type of ceiling is fu-dou-ding with modifications.

Основные особенности медицинской эвакуации железнодорожным транспортом раненных в современном вооруженном конфликте

Summary. The purpose of the study is based on the analysis of medical documentation and the work experience of medical specialists of the Center for Air Ambulance and Emergency Medical Care (CAS and EMS) of the Federal State Budgetary Institution “State Research Center – Federal Medical Biophysical Center named after A.I.Burnazyan” FMBA of Russia for medical evacuation by rail (MEZHT) of the wounded to determine the main features of medical evacuation measures (MEM) and the structure of the contingent evacuated during armed conflicts. Materials and methods of research. Research materials – primary medical documentation of 8 flights of a temporary military medical train (VVSP) of the Russian Ministry of Defense. Study period: July–August 2023. The study used methods of mathematical analysis and direct observation. Research results and their analysis. Currently, temporary military ambulance trains evacuate mainly walking and low-mobility lightly wounded patients, which is due both to the lack of operational need for long-distance MET for this category of patients due to the stable operation of air ambulances, and to the not entirely satisfactory conditions for placing seriously wounded bedridden patients in the air ambulance. Currently, the Air Forces operate in accordance with the scheme of routing the wounded from the zone of armed conflict to medical treatment organizations (HMO) in the rear of the country. At the same time, the existing difficulties in MEVT of bedridden, seriously wounded patients, including those in intensive care, require improvement of railway ambulance transport. In the author’s opinion, the most rational option for such an improvement in modern conditions is the further development of schemes for modifying passenger cars to meet the needs of the MEZhT of the seriously wounded and sick.

СОВРЕМЕННЫЙ ФАРМАЦЕВТИЧЕСКИЙ РЫНОК АНТИБАКТЕРИАЛЬНЫХ ПРЕПАРАТОВ ДЛЯ ЛЕЧЕНИЯ ИНФЕКЦИЙ В АМБУЛАТОРНЫХ УСЛОВИЯХ

The article presents the results of the analysis of systemic antibacterial drugs registered in the State Register of Medicines [4] and available medicines in pharmacy organizations in Voronezh. Antibiotics and synthetic antibacterial agents are one of the most important groups of medicines, since many of them are included in the list of Vital and essential medicines [5]. Despite the overall improvement in the quality of life, infectious diseases have been and remain a serious health problem worldwide. The growth of antibiotic resistance pushes scientists to search and develop new drugs with the necessary spectrum of action and resistance [1]. This, in turn, obliges pharmaceutical and medical professionals to study the ever-expanding range of medicines in pharmacy organizations to prescribe effective treatment [2]. At the same time, specialists need to take into account external and internal factors affecting the pharmaceutical market in the Russian Federation in order to prescribe to patients not only high-quality and effective, but also affordable drugs. Thus, it was revealed that at the time of the study, 38% of all registered antibacterial drugs were located in Voronezh. Some International nonproprietary names (INN), including in the list of Vital and essential medicines, are completely absent in pharmacies (polymyxin b and daptomycin). In general, there is an active growth in the rate of registration of new drugs in the pharmaceutical market of the Russian Federation. In this article, using mathematical analysis methods, the percentage ratio of ATС groups [3,6] in the assortment of antibacterial drugs of systemic action is determined, the most common drugs and dosage forms in pharmacy organizations, as well as their manufacturers, were identified.

Genesis of the Planning Structure And Ceilings of Dunhuang Sanctuaries

The article is devoted to the study of the genesis of the plans and ceilings of the Dunhuang cave sanctuaries. Based on the methods of graphic-and-analytical, defining features and system-structural analysis, the spread of types of plans and ceilings from dynasty to dynasty has been traced. With the help of a group of auxiliary methods of historical analysis, mathematical analysis and comparative analysis, a general picture of the development of the floating structure and constructive schemes of the Dunhuang sanctuaries from the Northern Liang period to the Yuan period was created. By counting the types of plans and ceilings in each period, a group of the most common types of plans was determined: with a combination of larger and smaller rectangles (where the smaller is the altar part of a square or rectangular shape), a plan in the form of a square with a protruding trapezoidal altar, an altar in outline close to a rectangle or trapezoids with rounded corners, a horizontally elongated plan rectangle, based on squares with protrusions. The most common type of ceilings is fu-dow-din with modifications.

Функциональный метод доказательства тождеств

The elements of the mathematical analysis course occupy a significant place in the school mathematics course. When teaching the elements of mathematical analysis, students acquire a mathematical apparatus that can be effectively used in solving many problems of mathematics, physics and engineering. The use of mathematical analysis methods makes it possible to solve a number of problems, the solution of which is impossible or difficult by elementary methods. Note that the possibilities of mathematical analysis methods are not limited to such tasks. Thus, the language of derivatives and integrals allows us to formulate many laws of nature strictly. In addition, the use of elements of mathematical analysis in solving problems of school mathematics allows you to learn more deeply the basic concepts of the theory being studied. But school textbooks and textbooks pay little attention to these issues. This article also examines the proof of identities using mathematical analysis methods. The article is relevant for specialists, teachers, students, students involved in school mathematics.

Predicting the Development of Complications After Mitral Valve Repair Using Mathematical Analysis

   AIM. To study the possibilities of using risk factors, data from instrumental research methods identified at the preoperative stage as independent variables for predicting the development of complications after mitral valve surgery.   MATERIAL AND METHODS. The study included 103 patients, 46 men and 57 women, who underwent surgical correction of mitral valve defect and were treated at the Cardiac Surgery Department of Chelyabinsk Regional Clinical Hospital № 1 in the period from 2014 to 2019. Among those patients, the presence of anemia at the preoperative stage (blood hemoglobin level less than 100 g/l) was detected in 13 (12,6 %) cases; obesity (BMI more than 30 kg/m2) — in 57 (55,3 %) cases; transfusion of blood and its components in anamnesis — in 14 (13,6 %) cases; type 2 diabetes mellitus — in 7 (6,8 %) cases; stroke in anamnesis — in 9 (8,7 %) cases; chronic Hepatitis C — in 6 (5,8 %) cases; HIV infection — in 4 (3,9 %) cases; antibiotic therapy before surgery was indicated in 21 (20,4 %) cases; edema of the lower extremities was detected in 40 (38,8 %) cases; an increase in body temperature before surgery — in 19 (18,4 %) cases; the presence of atrial fibrillation before surgery — in 63 (61,2 %) cases. The systematization of the source information was entered into a Microsoft Office Excel 2016 spreadsheet. Statistical analysis was carried out using the IBM SPSS Statistics v.26 program (developed by IBM Corporation). Binary logistic regression was used as a method of mathematical data analysis. Instrumental research methods: electrocardiography (ECG), echocardiography (ECHO-CG); coronary angiography was performed according to indications.   RESULTS. The presence of risk factors such as anemia, obesity, as well as an increase in the size of the right atrium can be used as an independent variable to predict the development of complications. An increase in the diameter of the pulmonary artery trunk, and the presence of edema of the lower extremities reduces the risk of complications. The likelihood of developing complications after mitral valve surgery predicted by the logistic regression method was 53,4 %. The resulting model predicts the absence of complications with the likelihood of 82,5 %. The development of complications was correctly predicted in 93,3 % of cases.   CONCLUSION. This model can be used as an additional tool in predicting the development of complications after mitral valve surgery.

Development of changes to the construction code of rules in part of updated specific electrical loads

THE PURPOSE. Develop changes to the building code of rules regarding updating the specific calculated electrical loads of multi-apartment residential buildings. Perform a comparative analysis of the power of technological connection of multi-apartment residential buildings, calculated according to regulatory and technical documents and according to those developed on the basis of actual measured data with an assessment of the effect of updating specific design electrical loads.METHODS. To achieve this goal, mathematical and statistical methods of analysis were used.RESULTS. Statistical processing of the specific electrical load of apartments in multi-apartment residential buildings in the Moscow region of a cluster of 11–18 floors for twenty-three months of 2021–2023 was carried out, which made it possible to form statistically significant samples by excluding outliers from them and obtaining their basic descriptive statistics. Based on the results obtained, changes were developed to the regulatory and technical document in terms of updating the specific calculated electrical loads of apartments in multi-apartment residential buildings in the Moscow region of the cluster 11 - 18 floors.CONCLUSION. The introduction of updated values of the specific calculated electrical load will lead to the selection of power transformers with optimal loading, which, on the one hand, will reduce the “locked electrical power”, resulting in reduced electricity losses, and on the other hand, will reduce the cost of technological connection.

Application of dynamic accuracy evaluation for press systems based on orthogonal design method

The variation of dynamic accuracy for press systems is the nonlinear phenomenon that results from the consideration of contact and impact on the deformation of transmission mechanism, usually revolute joint and translation joint. The influence is especially obvious in the ultra-precision mechanism, which can cause the vibration and unstabitily of position and machining accuracy would be failure. As usual, the dynamic accuracy is used to evaluate the ability of press systems, which is also the important design object. Due to the stronger nonlinear of dynamic accuracy, especially for the effect of coupling factors, the mathematical analysis method plays an important role in the study of dynamic behavior for press systems. This work proposes the new approach to conduct the simplified dynamic accuracy analysis based on the orthogonal design method, which optimize the reasonability of sample collection. The proposed method is compared with the traditional approach, which illustrates the advantage and efficiency for the dynamic accuracy analysis of press systems.•Developed dynamic accuracy analysis is observed to be effective for the stability evaluation of press systems.•The simplified model of coupling effect analysis is established based on orthogonal design method.•No need to collect a large amount of data for comparison and the reliable nonlinear analysis is conducted with simplified model.

Non-local modelling of freezing and thawing of unsaturated soils

A large part of the earth’s surface is covered by seasonally or permanently frozen soils. Considering the negative impact of climate change, future development of such regions can be underpinned by mathematical methods for accurate analysis of heat and moisture transport in freezing and thawing soils. Reported in this paper is a novel non-local formulation of water and heat transport in unsaturated soils. The formulation uses bond-based peridynamics (PD) and consists of a set of integral–difference formulations of energy and mass conservation. Specific features of freezing/thawing soils are incorporated by a combination of van Genuthcen and Clausius–Clapeyron relations. Computational results are compared with four sets of laboratory experiments to demonstrate the efficiency of the developed approach. The model can be used to analyse the effect of water flow on heat transfer in soils during thawing of permafrost soils. Further, it can be applied in modelling climate change effects, and can be used for construction of coupled physically justified models of frost heave.

Correlation Analysis and Prediction of the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Coastal Soft Soil in the Jiangdong New District, Haikou, China

The compressibility and shear strength of soil play a crucial role in engineering design and construction. For this study, samples were collected from the indoor geotechnical tests conducted on the fourth layer of the third series of the Haikou Formation. By conducting a correlation analysis of various physical properties of soil and utilizing the random forest algorithm, we developed a predictive model for the compressibility and shear strength of coastal soft soil. Initially, we proposed an empirical formula that utilizes mathematical statistical analysis methods to characterize the correlation between the indicators of this soil. Subsequently, we employed the feature selection guided by the aforementioned data analysis results to establish a random forest model. This model predicts the compressive modulus, compressibility coefficient, cohesion, and internal friction angle of the soil. The results indicate that the established model exhibits strong predictive capabilities, with the mean squared error values of compression modulus (0.012), compression coefficient (1.21× 10−6), cohesion (0.081), and internal friction angle (0.003). The data analysis methods, fitting parameters, empirical formulas, and random forest model employed in this study hold substantial value in guiding the preliminary evaluation stage of engineering projects with limited data. This study helps to save time and cost of geotechnical investigation for soft soils in the area.

Forecasting the Coastal Systems State using Mathematical Modelling Based on Satellite Images

Introduction. Coastal systems of Southern Russia are constantly exposed to biotic, abiotic and anthropogenic factors. In this regard, there is a need to develop non-stationary spatially inhomogeneous interconnected mathematical models that make it possible to reproduce various scenarios for the dynamics of biological and geochemical processes in coastal systems. There is also the problem of the practical use of mathematical modelling, namely its equipping with real input data (boundary, initial conditions, information about source functions). An operational source of field information can be data received from artificial Earth satellites. Therefore, the problem arises of identifying phytoplankton populations in images of reservoirs, which, as a rule, have a spotty structure, with low image contrast relative to the background, as well as determining the boundaries of their location.Materials and Methods. This work is based on the correct application of modern mathematical analysis methods, mathematical physics and functional analysis, the theory of difference schemes, as well as methods for solving grid equations. Biogeochemical processes are described based on convection-diffusion-reaction equations. Linearization of the constructed model is carried out on a time grid with step τ. A method for recognizing the boundaries of spotted structures is being developed based on Earth remote sensing data. A combination of methods is considered as image processing algorithms: local binary patterns (LBP) and a two-layer neural network.Results. The developed software-algorithmic tools for space image recognition are presented, based on a combination of methods — local binary patterns (LBP) and neural network technologies, focused on the subsequent input of the obtained initial conditions for the problem of phytoplankton dynamics into a mathematical model. Regarding the necessary mathematical model, a continuous linearized model has been proposed and studied, and on its basis a linearized discrete model of biogeochemical cycles in coastal systems, for which practically acceptable time step values have been established for numerical (predictive) modelling of problems of the dynamics of planktonic populations and biogeochemical cycles, including in the event of death phenomena, which makes it possible to reduce the time of operational forecasting. At the same time, for the constructed discrete model, properties that are practically significant for discrete models are guaranteed to be satisfied: stability, monotonicity and convergence of the difference scheme, which is important for reliable forecasts of adverse and dangerous phenomena.In the process of work, referring to satellite images, which make it possible to obtain the state of coastal systems with high accuracy, initial conditions are entered into the mathematical (computer) model. The model analyzes satellite image data and determines levels of “pollution”, the formation of extinction zones and other factors that may threaten nature.Discussion and Conclusion. Discussion and conclusions. Using this model, it is possible to predict possible changes in coastal ecosystems and develop strategies to protect them. The results obtained make it possible to significantly reduce the time of forecast calculations (by 20−30 %) and increase the likelihood of early detection of unfavorable and dangerous phenomena, such as intense “blooming” of the aquatic environment and the formation of extinction zones in coastal systems.

Корреляционная оценка гендерной индивидуальности адаптогенеза макроорганизмов в локальной биогеохимической провинции региона

The article uses the method of mathematical analysis to show gender differences in the morphophysiological development of boars and weaning hogs. For this purpose, correlations between growth, exchange and immune profiles were determined in experimental pigs. In the simulated experiments, it was noted that with age the number of positive relationships increased, and the number of negative relationships, on the contrary, decreased more expressively in boars compared with those in pigs. At the same time, a pattern was revealed about the predominant adaptogenesis (adaptability) of the boar organism in relation to the biogeochemical conditions of the Amur region of Chuvashia.

SIMULATION OF OSCILLATIONS OF THE CENTER OF MASS OF THE TRACTOR WITH TRACKED PROPULSION UNIT

To increase the traction force of tractors while simultaneously reducing the specific pressure on the soil, one of the effective ways is the use of a tracked propulsion unit. The article considers a variant of a tracked propulsion unit, installed separately on each drive axle of the tractor instead of wheels. The basis of the developed design of the tracked propulsion unit is the trackbed, which reduces the pressure on the ground and increases adhesion to the soil.
 The results of simulation modeling of the rectilinear movement of a tractor with a tracked propulsion unit along grain stubble are presented. Realizations of oscillations of the front, sprung and rear, unsprung axles and the tractor frame were obtained. Oscillations in the ordinates of the reference surface were modeled as a random process with specified values corresponding to the reference surface of the grain stubble.
 The simulation results showed acceptable oscillation values of the tractor frame with the proposed propulsion design. The proposed propulsion unit can be easily installed on a tractor instead of wheels and, if necessary, can also be easily dismantled.
 Purpose. Investigation of oscillations of the center of mass of a tractor with a tracked propulsion unit using simulation modeling in the MATLAB Simulink environment.
 Methodology. Methods of mathematical modeling and analysis were used in the article.
 Results. The parameters showing the effectiveness of using a tracked propulsion unit instead of wheels on a tractor of traction class 6 are obtained.
 Practical implications. The results obtained can be applied in the design of tractors to determine the acceptable parameters of the tracked propulsion unit.

Особенности экзистенциальной исполненности личности осужденных женщин и мужчин средней взрослости

<p style="text-align: justify;">The work is aimed at studying the features of the existential fulfillment of the personality of convicted women and men during middle adulthood. The empirical study was conducted on the basis of federal state institutions “Correctional Colony No. 1 of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia in the Vologda region” in Vologda and “Correctional Colony No. 20 of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia in the Vologda region” in Ustyuzhna, Vologda region. The selection of respondents into age groups (the period of middle adulthood) is based on the periodization of D.B. Bromley. Two groups were formed: group No. 1 — 30 women serving a sentence of imprisonment in the Federal Penitentiary Institution IK-1 of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia in the Vologda region; group No. 2 — 30 men serving a sentence of imprisonment in the Federal Penitentiary Institution IK-20 of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia in the Vologda region. The age of respondents is from 25 to 40 years. To solve the tasks, the following methods were selected: analysis of personal files, biographical method, scale of existence (authors — A. Langle and K. Orgler) to study the aspects of existential fulfillment, a test of existential motivations (author — V.B. Shumsky). Quantitative and qualitative analysis, nonparametric statistical Mann-Whitney U-test were used as mathematical methods of data processing and analysis. Based on the results of the study, it is planned to develop psychocorrection programs for women and men convicted for the first time in order to solve their actual existential problems and increase the level of their existential fulfillment.</p>

An algorithm for justifying the choice of a contractor based on the assessment of risk tolerance, taking into account losses from risk situations and the costs of eliminating their consequences

Subject. This article deals with the development of a methodology for justifying the choice of a contractor based on the assessment of risk resistance, taking into account losses from risk situations (combinations) and the costs of eliminating their consequences. Objectives. The article aims to develop an algorithm for justifying the choice of a contractor based on the assessment of risk resistance. Methods. For the study, we used the methods of economic and mathematical modeling, statistical analysis, economic analysis, models and methods of mathematical forecasting, optimization of project management processes, and the methods of justification of economic decisions under uncertainty and mathematical modeling. Results. The article identifies the distinctive particularities of the existing models of investment and construction projects. The article describes and presents the author-developed approach to designing an algorithm for justifying the choice of a contractor based on risk tolerance assessment. Relevance. The practical significance of the results lies in the possibility of justifying the choice of the contractor based on the assessment of risk resistance.